RNA molecules harbor diverse modifications that play important regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes. Over 150 modifications have been identified in RNA molecules. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 1-methyladenosine (m1A) are prevalent modifications occurring in various RNA species of mammals. Apart from the single methylation of adenosine (m6A and m1A), dual methylation modification occurring in the nucleobase of adenosine, such as N6,N6-dimethyladenosine (m6,6A), also has been reported to be present in RNA of mammals. Whether there are other forms of dual methylation modification occurring in the nucleobase of adenosine other than m6,6A remains elusive. Here, we reported the existence of a novel adenosine dual methylation modification, i.e. 1,N6-dimethyladenosine (m1,6A), in tRNAs of living organisms. We confirmed that m1,6A is located at position 58 of tRNAs and is prevalent in mammalian cells and tissues. The measured level of m1,6A ranged from 0.0049% to 0.047% in tRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRMT6/61A could catalyze the formation of m1,6A in tRNAs and m1,6A could be demethylated by ALKBH3. Collectively, the discovery of m1,6A expands the diversity of RNA modifications and may elicit a new tRNA modification-mediated gene regulation pathway.

RNA 分子具有多种修饰，这些修饰在各种生物过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。已在 RNA 分子中鉴定出超过 150 种修饰。N6-甲基腺苷 ( m6 A) 和 1-甲基腺苷 (m1A) 是哺乳动物的各种 RNA 物种中普遍存在的修饰。除了腺苷的单甲基化（m6A 和 m1A）外，据报道，在腺苷的核碱基中发生的双重甲基化修饰，例如 N6, N 6-二甲基腺苷 (m6,6A)，也存在于哺乳动物的 RNA 中。除了 m6,6A 之外，腺苷的核碱基中是否存在其他形式的双重甲基化修饰仍然难以捉摸。

近日，武汉大学袁必锋团队在Nucleic Acids Research （IF=19）在线发表题为“Formation and removal of 1, N 6-dimethyladenosine in mammalian transfer RNA ”的研究论文，该研究报告了在活生物体的 tRNA 中存在一种新的腺苷双甲基化修饰，即 1,N6-二甲基腺苷 (m1,6A)。该研究采用了我司生产的 链霉亲和素磁珠PuriMag G-strep钓取RNA。

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